Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Early treatment with nootkatone prevents pressure overload-induced ventricular remodeling and heart failure

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1702627

Figure Lengend Snippet: Early NKT administration downregulated the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway (n = 6–8). (A) mRNA expression of Col Ⅰ and Col Ⅲ in heart tissue. (B) Protein expression of Col Ⅰ, Col Ⅲ, HSP-90, TGF-β1, Smad3, and p-Smad3 in heart tissue. (C) Protein quantitative analysis of Col Ⅰ, Col Ⅲ, HSP-90, TGF-β1, Smad3, and p-Smad3. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, and *** P < 0.001; ns, no significance.

Article Snippet: The membrane was incubated with primary antibodies against collagen type I (Col I, 1:500, ServiceBio, China), collagen type III (Col III, 1:500, ServiceBio, China), HSP-90 (1:2000, OriGene, China), phosphorylated Smad3 (p-Smad3, 1:4000, Wanleibio, China), Smad3 (1:4000, Proteintech, China), transforming growth factor (TGF-β1, 1:5000, Proteintech, China), and β-actin (1:2000, EPITMICS, China), followed by incubation with corresponding HRP-labeled secondary antibodies (ServiceBio, China).

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Predator Cat Odors Activate Sexual Arousal Pathways in Brains of Toxoplasma gondii Infected Rats

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023277

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) General schematic model of limbic brain activity in a male rat after exposure to an emotionally salient odor. (B) Exposure to an inaccessible estrous female activates the ‘reproductive’ pathway, producing robust MEApd activity and evoking approach behavior. (C) Exposure to cat urine activates the ‘defensive’ pathway, producing robust activation of excitatory (+) VMHdm neurons and evoking defensive, aversion behavior. Excitatory (pointed arrow) projections from the MEApv activate inhibitory (−) VMHvl neurons, countering inhibitory (blunted arrow) projections from the MEApd and suppressing any approach behavior. (D) Proposed model for Toxoplasma rats during exposure to cat urine. Robust MEApd activity biases toward approach behavior. Aversion behavior remains, but is lessened. Raw density of c-Fos (large print) ±SEM (small print) activity is given for each region during relevant odor exposure. Model adapted from Choi 2005. AOB , accessory olfactory bulb; MEA , medial amygdala; VMH , ventromedial hypothalamus.

Article Snippet: Sections were incubated in 1% H202 for 15 min and then incubated for 90 hrs at 4°C with a c-Fos primary antibody (1∶2000, sc52 Rabbit Polyclonal, Santa Cruz Biotechnology) diluted in PBS + (0.1 M PBS with 0.2% Triton-X and 0.1% BSA).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Activation Assay

Journal: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders

Article Title: Neuromuscular adaptations after a rehabilitation program in patients with chronic low back pain: case series (uncontrolled longitudinal study)

doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-14-277

Figure Lengend Snippet: Sample reflex data illustrating how baseline, feed forward and reflex amplitude were determined. Baseline EMG activity was measured 1 second before perturbation during 100 ms. Feedforward activation was determined 50 ms before the perturbation. Reflex amplitude was quantified as the peak magnitude of normalized EMG.

Article Snippet: EMG activity (Biopac MP100, Systems Inc., Santa Barbara, CA; 16 Bits AD conversion, band pass filtered 10–500 Hz, amplification X 2000, input impedance 10MΩ, CMRR > 90 dB) was recorded at a sample rate of 1000 samples/s, from the left side of the lumbar erector spinae (LES), obliquus externus (EO) and rectus abdominis (RA).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Activation Assay